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| Foto : Saibatin Paksi Pak Sekala Brak_@endangguntorocanggu |
Kerajaan Adat “Paksi Pak Sekala Brak” yang terdiri dari Kepaksian Pernong, Paksi Buay Belunguh, Paksi Buay Bejalan Diway dan Kepaksian Nyerupa, terletak di "tanoh unggak/lambung" yang dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti dataran tinggi, karena berada di dataran tinggi Pesagi yang merupakan gunung tertinggi di Provinsi Lampung, diyakini sebagian besar masyarakat Lampung sebagai asal usul suku bangsa Lampung.
Wilayah Kerajaan Adat Paksi Pak Sekala Brak, saat ini secara administratif masuk dalam wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Barat Provinsi Lampung, diapit oleh tiga gunung yaitu Gunung Pesagi, Gunung Seminung dan Gunung Tanggamus, berada pada kawasan yang sangat strategis karena tepat di segi tiga perbatasan Lampung, Sumatera Selatan dan Bengkulu.
SEKALA BRAK ASAL USUL ORANG LAMPUNG
Kerajaan Sekala Brak dianggap sebagai symbol peradaban, kebudayaan dan eksistensi Orang Lampung, Penyebutan Lampung berasal dari kata “Anjak Lambung” yang artinya dari dataran tinggi yakni lereng gunung pesagi yang merupakan gunung tertinggi di Lampung.
Suku Tumi memeluk agama Hindu Bairawa, mereka mengagungkan “Belasa Kepampang” sebuah pohon keramat bercabang dua yang terdiri dari cabang nangka dan cabang sebukau (kayu bergetah), konon bila menyentuh getah cabang sebukau orang bisa terkena penyakit kulit, namun penyakit tersebut dapat segera disembuhkan dengan getah cabang nangka yang terdapat dipohon itu. Kepercayaan ini tidak hanya di terima di Sekala Brak tetapi juga di daerah-daerah lain di sepanjang aliran Way Komering, Way Semangka, Way Sekampung, Way Seputih, Way Tulang Bawang, Way Umpu, Way Rarem dan Way Besai (Teguh Prasetyo, 2005).
Ketika Pemerintahan Islam menguasai Sekala Brak, pohon “Belasa Kepampang” ditebang dan kayunya dipergunakan untuk membuat “Pepadun”. “Pepadun” adalah singgasana Raja yang hanya boleh digunakan atau diduduki pada saat penobatan Sultan Sekala Brak beserta keturunannya.
Tumbangnya pohon “Belasa Kepampang” menandai runtuhnya kekuasaan suku Tumi sekaligus musnahnya aliran animisme di bumi Sekala Brak.
SEKALA BRAK PADA ZAMAN ISLAM (MASA KEPAKSIAN)
Sebagaimana diriwayatkan dalam “Tambo” bahwa masuknya ajaran Islam di bumi Sekala Brak dibawa oleh Umpu Ngegalang Paksi beserta empat putra yang berasal dari Pagaruyung, para Umpu tersebut dibantu oleh seorang Pemudi yang berjuluk Si Bulan (Putri Bulan) diperkirakan bernama asli Indrawati, dan merupakan leluhur orang Tulang Bawang (Karzi, 2007).
Adapun nama empat Putra yang bersama Umpu Penggalang Paksi tersebut adalah :
- Umpu Belunguh yang nama aslinya juga Belunguh
- Umpu Pernong yang bernama asli Pak Lang
- Umpu Bejalan Diway yang nama aslinya Inder Gajah
- Umpu Nyerupa yang nama aslinya Sikin
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| Foto : Arak-arakan Adat - @goenanto_ |
Umpu berasal dari kata “Ampu” sebutan bagi anak Raja di Kerajaan Pagaruyung yaitu Kerajaan yang didirikan oleh Adityawarman pada tahun 1347 merupakan Kerajaan Hindu yang kemudian beralih ke Islam, dan setelah beralih ke Islam nama kerajaan berubah menjadi Kesultanan.
Oleh keempat penguasa baru tersebut wilayah Sekala Brak dibagi, masing-masing memiliki Wilayah, Rakyat dan Adat Istiadatnya sendiri serta memiliki kedudukan yang sama dan saling menghormati, sementara Putri Bulan yang membantu para Umpu diberi wilayah Cenggikhing Way Nekhima, tapi karena Putri Bulan memutuskan tidak tinggal di Sekala Brak, maka Cenggikhing Way Nekhima dimasukkan kedalam wilayah Kepaksian Pernong.
Untuk menghindari perselisihan diantara empat Kepaksian tersebut, maka atas kesepakatan bersama “Pepadun” yang dibuat dari pohon “Belasa Kepampang” dititipkan kepada “Buay Benyata” yang berkedudukan di Pekon Luas, apabila salah satu dari empat kepaksian memerlukan “Pepadun” untuk penobatan, dapat mengambilnya di Buay Benyata dan setelah selesai harus dikembalikan lagi.
Dalam perjalanan waktu, perselisihan justeru terjadi pada keturunan Buay Benyata, pada tahun 1939 sejumlah keturunan memperebutkan hak menyimpan Pepadun tersebut, maka atas kesepakatan kerapatan adat dengan persetujuan empat Paksi Sekala Brak dan diketahui oleh Residen yang mewakil Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda, diputuskan bahwa sebelum ada keputusan tentang hal itu, untuk sementara “Pepadun” disimpan oleh keturunan langsung dari Umpu Belunguh, dan sampai saat tulisan ini dibuat “Pepadun” tersebut masih tersimpan di “Gedung Dalom” Kepaksian Belunguh di Pekon Kenali.
KERAJAAN SEKALA BRAK MASA KINI
Kerajaan Sekala Brak, lestari hingga kini, namun sejak berdirinya Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), Kerajaan tidak lagi memegang tampuk Pemerintahan, Sekala Brak menjelma menjadi Kerajaan Adat dengan sebutan Kerajaan Adat Paksi Pak Sekala Brak, dan bernaung dalam NKRI. Batas-batas wilayah kerajaannya masih sangat jelas, "Gedung Dalom" sebutan untuk Keraton/Istana masih berdiri tegak dengan agungnya, “Pemanohan”/pusaka terpelihara, Lambang masing-masing Kepaksian tetap terjaga, Pucuk Pimpinan yaitu “Saibatin” tetap eksis, struktur pemerintahan adat baik di "Gedung Dalom" maupun di "Pekon-pekon" (desa-desa) masih lengkap, dan yang terpenting pengakuan, pengabdian dan kesetiaan dari masyarakat adatnya tetap utuh bahkan sangat baik, hal ini dibuktikan dengan "iyukh sumbai" *) dan tidak ada seorangpun anggota masyarakat adat yang tidak jelas identitasnya, hubungan setiap komunitas adatnya dengan "Gedung Dalom" bisa ditelusuri dengan baik dan jelas.
Masing-masing Paksi dipimpin oleh “Saibatin” yang bergelar Sultan dan sebagaimana telah dikemukakan sebelumnya bahwa ke-empat “Saibatin”/Sultan di Paksi Pak Sekala Brak mempunyai derajat yang sama dan saling menghormati, sehingga terjagalah keharmonisan diantara mereka.
“Saibatin” dimaknai sebagai Satu Orang Pemilik . "Saibatin Kedau Adat " / pemilik adat, "Saibatin kedau Harkat" / pemilik harkat, "Saibatin kedau Derajat" / pemilik derajat, "Saibatin kedau Rakyat" / pemilik rakyat, "Saibatin kedau Pemanohan" / pemilik pusaka, "Saibatin kedau Pepaduan" / pemilik singgasana, "Saibatin kedau Bumi Keratuan" / pemilik wilayah kerajaan, "Saibatin mejong dihejongan" / menduduki tahta.
Gelar Sultan hanya untuk “Saibatin”. Melekat pula pada gelar Sultan adalah Dalom dan Pangeran, sedang kan Permaisuri “Saibatin” bergelar Ratu. Kemudian dalam stratifikasi gelar yang berkait dengan jabatan (struktur) adat dalam masyarakat berturut-turut sebagai berikut :
- SULTAN
- RAJA
- BATIN
- RADIN
- MINAK
- KEMAS
- MAS
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| Foto : Para Raja_@rohimatzaidi |
“Tutur”/panggilan kemuliaan bagi “Saibatin”/Sultan adalah "Peniakan Dalom Beliau" namun dalam keseharian sering disingkat "Pun Beliau" atau "Pun".
SAIBATIN PAKSI PAK SEKALA BRAK
Di bumi Sekala Brak, "Adok dan Tutur jadi kehangguman" **) karena "Adok dan Tutur" menunjukkan tingkat kebangsawanan seseorang, berikut "adok" para “Saibatin” Paksi Pak Sekala Brak saat ini :
- Saibatin Kepaksian Pernong, Paduka Yang Mulia Saibatin Peniakan Dalom Beliau Pangeran EDWARD SYAH PERNONG Sultan Sekala Brak Yang Dipertuan Ke-23 bertahta di Gedung Dalom Batu Brak.
- Saibatin Paksi Buay Belunguh Peniakan Dalom Beliau YANUAR FIRMANSYAH gelar Suttan Junjungan Sakti, bertahta di Gedung Dalom Kenali.
- Saibatin Kepaksian Nyerupa, Peniakan Dalom Beliau SALMAN PARSI gelar Sultan Piekulun Jayadiningrat, bertahta di Gedung Dalom Tampak Siring Sukau.
- Saibatin Paksi Buay Bejalan Diway, Paduka Yang Mulia Suttan Jaya Kesuma IV SALAYAR AKBAR PUSPANEGARA gelar Suttan Sekala Bekhak Ke-XX, bertahta di Gedung Dalom Paksi Buay Bejalan Diway Puncak Dalom Kembahang.
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| Foto : Arak-Arakan Saibatin @dcerrypictures_official |
Masyarakat adat “Saibatin” Lampung terkristalisasi kedalam tiga wadah yaitu :
- PAKSI yaitu KERAJAAN ADAT PAKSI PAK SEKALA BRAK yang diyakini sebagai cikal bakal “ulun Lampung” mata air dari adat “Saibatin”. penguasa tertingginya bergelar SULTAN.
- MARGA yaitu lembaga Adat yang terbentuk, kemudian dilakukan penguatan dalam rangka mengakomodir kebutuhan adat masyarakat yang terus menyebar. (“ngebujakh mawat miccakh”). Penguasa tertingginya bergelar SUNTAN/SUTTAN
- BANDAKH yaitu Lembaga adat wadah bernaung masyarakat adat yang berada disepanjang pesisir pantai mulai dari Pesisir Barat, Pesisir Semaka, Pesisir Teluk Betung hingga Pesisir Way Handak (Kalianda). Penguasa tertingginya bergelar PANGERAN/DALOM.
*) Iyukh sumbai : bantuan untuk mendukung perhelatan adat atau pada saat tertimpa musibah.
**) Adok dan Tutur jadi kehangguman : Gelar dan panggilan menjadi kebanggaan.
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“The Custom Kingdom of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak" consisting of Kepaksian Pernong, Paksi Buay Belunguh, Paksi Buay Bejalan Diway and Kepaksian Nyerupa, located in "tanoh unggak / lambung" which in Indonesian means the highlands, because it is located in the Pesagi highlands which is a highest mountain in Lampung Province, believed by most of the people of Lampung as the origin of the Lampung tribe.
The Custom Kingdom of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak, currently administratively included in the West Lampung Regency, flanked by three mountains namely Mount Pesagi, Mount Seminung and Mount Tanggamus, are in a very strategic area because it is on the triangle of the Lampung border, South Sumatra and Bengkulu.
Sekala Brak, the origin of the people of Lampung
Sekala Brak Kingdom is considered as a symbol of civilization, culture and the existence of the People of Lampung. The mention of Lampung is derived from the word "Anjak Lambung" which means from the highlands namely the slopes of Mount Pesagi which is the highest mountain in Lampung.
The Tumi tribe embraces the Hindu Bairawa religion, they glorify "Belasa Kepampang" a two-pronged sacred tree consisting of jackfruit branches and branches of sebukau (sticky wood), it is said that when touching the sap of branches sebukau people can get skin diseases, but the disease can be cured immediately with sap of the jackfruit branch contained in the tree. This trust is not only accepted at Sekala Brak but also in other areas along the river relief of Way Komering, Way Semangka, Way Sekampung, Way Seputih, Way Tulang Bawang, Way Umpu, Way Rarem and Way Besai (Teguh Prasetyo, 2005).
When the Islamic Government ruled over Sekala Brak, the "Belasa Kepampang" tree was cut down and the wood was used to make "Pepadun". "Pepadun" is the King's throne that can only be used or occupied during the coronation of Sultan Sekala Brak and his descendants.
The fall of the tree "Belasa Kepampang" marks the collapse of the power of the Tumi tribe as well as the destruction of the flow of animism in Bumi Sekala Brak.
Sekala Brak in the Islamic Age (Kepaksian Period)
As narrated in "Tambo" that the inclusion of Islamic teachings on the earth of the Sekala Brak was brought by Umpu Ngegalang Paksi along with four sons who came from Pagaruyung, the Umpu was assisted by a young woman nicknamed Si Bulan (Putri Bulan) estimated original name Indrawati's, and was an ancestor Orang Tulang Bawang (Karzi, 2007).
As for the names of the four sons who joined the Umpu Penggalang, they are:
By the four new rulers the territory of Sekala Brak is divided, each of which has its own Territory, People and Customs and has the same position and mutual respect, while Putri Bulan who helps the Umpu is given the Cenggikhing Way Nengghima region, but because Putri Bulan decides not to stay at Sekala Brak, the Cenggikhing Way Nekhima was included in the Kepaksian Pernong area.
To avoid disputes between the four testimonies, based on mutual agreement "Pepadun" made from the tree "Belasa Kepampang" is entrusted to "Buay Benyata" domiciled in Pekon Luas, if one of the four testimonies requires "Pepadun" for coronation, can take it in Buay Benyata and after completion must be returned again.
In the course of time, a dispute happened precisely to the descendants of Buay Benyata, in 1939 a number of descendants fought over the right to save the Pepadun, then based on the agreement on adat density with the agreement of the four Paksi Sekala Brak and it was known by the Resident who represented the Dutch Colonial Government, it was decided that before there was a decision regarding that, for the time being "Pepadun" is kept by direct descendants of Umpu Belunguh, and as of this writing the "Pepadun" is still stored in the "Gedung Dalom" Kepaksian Belunguh in Pekon Kenali.
Sekala Brak Kingdom At present
Sekala Brak Kingdom, conserved until now, but since the establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), the Kingdom no longer holds the reins of Government, Sekala Brak was transformed into a Customary Kingdom as the Customary Kingdom of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak, and is under the auspices of the Republic of Indonesia. The boundaries of his kingdom are still very clear, "Gedung Dalom " designation for the Palace / Palace is still standing tall with its majesty, "Scourge" / heritage preserved, the symbol of each testimony is maintained, the top leadership of "Saibatin" still exists, the government structure adat both in the "Gedung Dalom " and in the "Pekon-pekon" (villages) are still complete, and most importantly the recognition, devotion and loyalty of the indigenous people remain intact even very good, this is evidenced by "iyukh sumbai" *) and there is not a single member of the indigenous community whose identity is not clear, the relationship of each of the indigenous communities with "Gedung Dalom" can be traced well and clearly.
Each Paksi is led by "Saibatin" who is a Sultan and as previously stated that the four "Saibatin" / Sultan in Paksi Pak Sekala Brak have the same degree and mutual respect, so that harmony is maintained between them.
"Saibatin" is interpreted as One Owner. "Saibatin Kedau Adat" / customary owner, "Saibatin Kedau Harkat" / owner of dignity, "Saibatin Kedau Derajat" / owner of degree, "Saibatin Kedau Rakyat" / owner of the people, "Saibatin Kedau Pemanohan" / owner of inheritance, "Saibatin Kedau Pepadun" / owner of the throne, "Saibatin Kedau Bumi Keratuan" / owner of the royal territory, "Saibatin mejong dihejongan" / occupying the throne.
Sultan's title is only for "Saibatin". Also attached to the title of Sultan are Dalom and Prince, while the Empress "Saibatin" has the title the queen. Then in the stratification of titles related to custom positions (structures) in successive societies as follows:
SAIBATIN PAKSI PAK SEKALA BRAK
On the earth of Sekala Brak, "Adok and Tutur become awkward" **) because "Adok and Tutur" indicate the level of one's nobility, following the "adok" of the "Saibatin" of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak present :
(Author: Seem R Canggu, SE, MM)
*) Iyukh sumbai: assistance to support traditional events or when a disaster strikes.
**) Adok and Tutur become pride: Degree and vocation become pride
========================================
“The Custom Kingdom of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak" consisting of Kepaksian Pernong, Paksi Buay Belunguh, Paksi Buay Bejalan Diway and Kepaksian Nyerupa, located in "tanoh unggak / lambung" which in Indonesian means the highlands, because it is located in the Pesagi highlands which is a highest mountain in Lampung Province, believed by most of the people of Lampung as the origin of the Lampung tribe.
The Custom Kingdom of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak, currently administratively included in the West Lampung Regency, flanked by three mountains namely Mount Pesagi, Mount Seminung and Mount Tanggamus, are in a very strategic area because it is on the triangle of the Lampung border, South Sumatra and Bengkulu.
Sekala Brak, the origin of the people of Lampung
Sekala Brak Kingdom is considered as a symbol of civilization, culture and the existence of the People of Lampung. The mention of Lampung is derived from the word "Anjak Lambung" which means from the highlands namely the slopes of Mount Pesagi which is the highest mountain in Lampung.
The Tumi tribe embraces the Hindu Bairawa religion, they glorify "Belasa Kepampang" a two-pronged sacred tree consisting of jackfruit branches and branches of sebukau (sticky wood), it is said that when touching the sap of branches sebukau people can get skin diseases, but the disease can be cured immediately with sap of the jackfruit branch contained in the tree. This trust is not only accepted at Sekala Brak but also in other areas along the river relief of Way Komering, Way Semangka, Way Sekampung, Way Seputih, Way Tulang Bawang, Way Umpu, Way Rarem and Way Besai (Teguh Prasetyo, 2005).
When the Islamic Government ruled over Sekala Brak, the "Belasa Kepampang" tree was cut down and the wood was used to make "Pepadun". "Pepadun" is the King's throne that can only be used or occupied during the coronation of Sultan Sekala Brak and his descendants.
The fall of the tree "Belasa Kepampang" marks the collapse of the power of the Tumi tribe as well as the destruction of the flow of animism in Bumi Sekala Brak.
Sekala Brak in the Islamic Age (Kepaksian Period)
As narrated in "Tambo" that the inclusion of Islamic teachings on the earth of the Sekala Brak was brought by Umpu Ngegalang Paksi along with four sons who came from Pagaruyung, the Umpu was assisted by a young woman nicknamed Si Bulan (Putri Bulan) estimated original name Indrawati's, and was an ancestor Orang Tulang Bawang (Karzi, 2007).
As for the names of the four sons who joined the Umpu Penggalang, they are:
- Umpu Belunguh whose original name is also Belunguh
- Umpu Pernong whose real name is Pak Lang
- Umpu Bejalan Diway whose real name is Inder Gajah
- Umpu Nyerupa whose real name is Sikin
By the four new rulers the territory of Sekala Brak is divided, each of which has its own Territory, People and Customs and has the same position and mutual respect, while Putri Bulan who helps the Umpu is given the Cenggikhing Way Nengghima region, but because Putri Bulan decides not to stay at Sekala Brak, the Cenggikhing Way Nekhima was included in the Kepaksian Pernong area.
To avoid disputes between the four testimonies, based on mutual agreement "Pepadun" made from the tree "Belasa Kepampang" is entrusted to "Buay Benyata" domiciled in Pekon Luas, if one of the four testimonies requires "Pepadun" for coronation, can take it in Buay Benyata and after completion must be returned again.
In the course of time, a dispute happened precisely to the descendants of Buay Benyata, in 1939 a number of descendants fought over the right to save the Pepadun, then based on the agreement on adat density with the agreement of the four Paksi Sekala Brak and it was known by the Resident who represented the Dutch Colonial Government, it was decided that before there was a decision regarding that, for the time being "Pepadun" is kept by direct descendants of Umpu Belunguh, and as of this writing the "Pepadun" is still stored in the "Gedung Dalom" Kepaksian Belunguh in Pekon Kenali.
Sekala Brak Kingdom At present
Sekala Brak Kingdom, conserved until now, but since the establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), the Kingdom no longer holds the reins of Government, Sekala Brak was transformed into a Customary Kingdom as the Customary Kingdom of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak, and is under the auspices of the Republic of Indonesia. The boundaries of his kingdom are still very clear, "Gedung Dalom " designation for the Palace / Palace is still standing tall with its majesty, "Scourge" / heritage preserved, the symbol of each testimony is maintained, the top leadership of "Saibatin" still exists, the government structure adat both in the "Gedung Dalom " and in the "Pekon-pekon" (villages) are still complete, and most importantly the recognition, devotion and loyalty of the indigenous people remain intact even very good, this is evidenced by "iyukh sumbai" *) and there is not a single member of the indigenous community whose identity is not clear, the relationship of each of the indigenous communities with "Gedung Dalom" can be traced well and clearly.
Each Paksi is led by "Saibatin" who is a Sultan and as previously stated that the four "Saibatin" / Sultan in Paksi Pak Sekala Brak have the same degree and mutual respect, so that harmony is maintained between them.
"Saibatin" is interpreted as One Owner. "Saibatin Kedau Adat" / customary owner, "Saibatin Kedau Harkat" / owner of dignity, "Saibatin Kedau Derajat" / owner of degree, "Saibatin Kedau Rakyat" / owner of the people, "Saibatin Kedau Pemanohan" / owner of inheritance, "Saibatin Kedau Pepadun" / owner of the throne, "Saibatin Kedau Bumi Keratuan" / owner of the royal territory, "Saibatin mejong dihejongan" / occupying the throne.
Sultan's title is only for "Saibatin". Also attached to the title of Sultan are Dalom and Prince, while the Empress "Saibatin" has the title the queen. Then in the stratification of titles related to custom positions (structures) in successive societies as follows:
- SULTAN
- RAJA
- BATIN
- RADIN
- MINAK
- KEMAS
- MAS
SAIBATIN PAKSI PAK SEKALA BRAK
On the earth of Sekala Brak, "Adok and Tutur become awkward" **) because "Adok and Tutur" indicate the level of one's nobility, following the "adok" of the "Saibatin" of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak present :
- Saibatin Kepaksian Pernong, His Excellency Saibatin Peniakan Dalom, He is the Prince of EDWARD SYAH PERNONG Sultan Sekala Brak, who is in the 23rd Middle Throne reigns in the Dalom Batu Brak Building.
- Saibatin Paksi Buay Belunguh Peniakan Dalom, He is YANUAR FIRMANSYAH holds the title of Suttan Junjungan Sakti, enthroned in Gedung Dalom Kenali.
- Saibatin Kepaksian Nyerupa, Peniakan Dalom, He is SALMAN PARSI, the title of Sultan Piekulun Jayadiningrat, enthroned in Gedung Dalom Tampak Siring Sukau.
- Saibatin Paksi Buay Bejalan Diway, His Excellency Suttan Jaya Kesuma IV SALAYAR AKBAR PUSPANEGARA degree Suttan Sekala Bekhak XX, enthroned in Gedung Dalom Paksi Buay Bejalan Diway Puncak Dalom Kembahang.
- PAKSI is THE CUSTOM KINGDOM OF PAKSI PAKSI SEKALA BRAK which is believed to be the forerunner of the "Ulun Lampung" spring from the custom "Saibatin". its highest authority is SULTAN.
- MARGA is a customary institution formed, then strengthened in order to accommodate the needs of the community's customary that continues to spread. ("Ngebujakh mawat miccakh"). The highest authority is SUNTAN / SUTTAN
- BANDAKH, a traditional institution which is a shelter for indigenous people along the coastline starting from the West Coast, the Semaka Coast, the Teluk Betung Coast to the Way Handak Coast (Kalianda). The highest authority has the title PRINCE / DALOM.
(Author: Seem R Canggu, SE, MM)
*) Iyukh sumbai: assistance to support traditional events or when a disaster strikes.
**) Adok and Tutur become pride: Degree and vocation become pride
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